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anddd. what ficitonal essential does that opposition provide for homers adventure story?
Lets see, I looked up a bit for you. Odysseus blinded Poseidon's son (Polyphemos). If he simply blinded his son then he would have been forgiven but he added insult to this and because of that him and his family paid dearly for the transgression. If you remember correctly, Polyphemos is the cyclops in the myth. Odysseus was (from what it looks like) protecting his crew from Polyphemos since he is a man eater. After blinding him with a burning spear and leaving his eye boiling in his socket, he taunted Polyphemos with cruel insults.
Given his insults and the fact that he blinded his son, I think thats a good enough reason to have something against Odysseus.
Courtesy of : http://messagenetcommresearch.com/myths/bios/poseidon.html
As for your other question, I am unsure of how to tackle that but I hope this is of some use to you.